A Study of Clinical Profile of Retinal Diseases in Premature Infants

Abstract

Purpose: Retinal diseases in premature infants, particularly retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), are significant causes of childhood blindness worldwide. The prevalence and severity of these conditions are influenced by various factors, including gestational age, birth weight, and neonatal care quality. This study aims to analyze the clinical profile of retinal diseases in premature infants visiting or admitted to the Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Methods: The present observational study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences (HIMS), Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun over a period of 12 months. Preterm neonates attending ophthalmology or pediatric outpatient department or admitted in neonatal intensive care unit of Himalayan hospital were included in the study. Premature infants born before 37 weeks of gestation were screened for retinal diseases using indirect ophthalmoscopy. Data on gestational age, birth weight, oxygen therapy, and other relevant clinical parameters was collected. Results: Of the total 101 patients studied, 62 (61.4%) had retinal disease. Males had significantly higher proportion of retinal disease 42 (67.7%) as compared to females 20 (32.2%). P value 0.012. The incidence of ROP was found to be 62 (61.4%). Significant risk factors for the development of retinal diseases included low gestational age, birth asphyxia, ventilator support, oxygen administration and delivew by cesarean section. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for early screening and intervention for retinal diseases in premature infants, particularly those with identified risk factors.