Evaluation of neuroprotective effects of Pyracantha crenulata (D. Don) M. Roem against aluminium chloride induced memory impairment of rats

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Pyracantha crenulata, traditionally used in Himalayan folk medicine, valued for enhancing vitality, mental clarity, and combating age-related cognitive decline due to its antioxidant constituents. Aim: This study evaluated the neuroprotective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of P. crenulata against aluminium chloride (AlCl3)-induced Alzheimer’s disease in rats. Materials and Methods: Alzheimer’s pathology was induced using AlCl3, and rats were treated with P. crenulata extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) for 21 days. Cognitive and beha vioural performance were assessed using the Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Elevated Plus Maze (EPM). Biochemical parameters, including oxidative stress markers (SOD), cholinesterase activity (AChE), and myeloperoxidase levels (MPO), were measured. Histopathological examination of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex was conducted. Results: Aluminium intoxication led to marked deficits in learning and memory, as evidenced by performance in the Morris Water Maze and Elevated Plus Maze tests. Treatment with P. crenulata extract significantly enhanced spatial and long-term mem ory in a dose-dependent manner, with the higher dose producing the most pronounced improvement. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the notable neuroprotective effects of P. crenulata, demonstrated through modulation of biochemical parameters and suppres sion of amyloid precursor protein and Tau, key pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease, further validated by histopathological evidence.