Thesis & Dissertation

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A morphological and Histological Study of developing human fetal Cerebellum
(SRHU, 2019) Ahmad, Nadia
The current study is an effort to build a timeline for the different morphological and histological changes occurring in developing human fetal cerebellum. It would be helpful to the forensic experts to roughly estimate the gestational age in medicolegal cases, especially in cases where gestational age estimation is required from only a few remains of the brain tissue. Moreover, any deviation from the normal timeline of events would indicate the development of some pathology.
A morphological study of Human Calcanei and their Articular facets
(SRHU, 2006) Cheema, Harvind Singh
The present study was conducted on 200 North Indian calcanei to assess the gross morphological features with special emphasis on the dimensions and configurations of the talar articular facets. The data obtained was compared with the results of the earlier studies to provide these values for future comparative studies.
A study 0f placental Morphology and histology in Hypertensive pregnancies and its correlation with foetal Outcome
(SRHU, 2014) Pasricha, Navbir
The study of the placenta is, by necessity retrogressive in nature. Yet it provides a reflection of the hazards, the foetus has undergone, during its growth and development.
A study of financial performance of commercial Banks in post Demonetization period A comparative study of Public and Private sector Banks
(SRHU, 2024-06-27) Dobhal, Jyoti
Banks play an important role in the economic development of a country. The banking system serves as the financial engine of the nation's economy. It meets the financial needs of the economy, industry, and agriculture. Small changes in government policy can have a significant impact on the banking sector's operations, which can directly affect the growth and development of the nation's economy. The demonetization of the 500- and 1000-rupee notes took place in India on 8 Nov. 2016. The various banking operations underwent significant changes as a result of the sudden demonetization. Demonetization had affected many sectors of the nation, but banking sector was the most affected one because it served as a primary source via which the entire process carried out. It becomes necessary to understand the demonetization impact on banks performance. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the financial performance of public and private sector banks during demonetization period. Three public sector banks (SBI, PNB, BOB) and three private sector banks (HDFC, ICICI, AXIS) are chosen for analysis. With the help of ratio analysis, the financial performance of public and private sector banks is compared in pre and post demonetization period. The findings indicated that private banks performed better than private sector banks in pre and post demonetization period.
A study of the impact of Risk factors on portfolio returns
(SRHU, 2023-09-01) Ali, Alin S.
The study examines the efficacy and applicability of various asset-pricing models by testing them against single-sorted and double-sorted portfolios comprising of companies listed on the National Stock Exchange from December 2000 to January 2020. The study also focuses on studying the significance of impact that various factors included in the aforementioned models have on portfolio returns. Going by the results, there is significant size and value effect. The observations also indicate a significant Profitability effect; however, its magnitude is found to be lesser than the Size and Value effects. The same cannot be said of the Investment effect. The study also finds a persistent twelve-month Momentum effect that remains unexplained by asset-pricing models not comprising of a momentum factor. Moreover, no significant evidence was found which would favor the FFFF model over other models. Even though the FFTF model performs comparably against other asset-pricing models that are tested here, the study concludes in favor of the FFTF model as the superior amongst all, owing to the parsimonious nature of the model.
A study on barriers related to prevention and management of acute respiratory infection among mothers of under five children with a view to develop and evaluate a need based interventional package in selected rural community of Delhi
(SRHU, 2024-10-01) Bajwan, Deepika
Early childhood is a sensitive period of child’s development which makes foundation for well-being and learning of children throughout their entire life. Acute respiratory infection constitutes a significant global health burden particularly among under five children and cause of sickness and deaths in this vulnerable age group.
A study on risk factors of Malnutrition and effectiveness of family based intervention Program (FBIP) on nutritional Status of children and Knowledge and practices of mothers in selected villages of Nainital district Uttarakhand
(SRHU, 2022-11-29) Haldar, Pratiti
Introduction Nutrition is very essential for the children below five years of age. Insufficient nutrients intake during early phases of development, predisposes them to develop nutritional deficiencies and altered growth and development. In order to overcome the problem of malnutrition it is necessary to have an intervention which is not only effective but also it is reachable, feasible, culturally acceptable and can also be combined with local health services. The present study focuses on developing and testing a nutritional intervention specific to the needs of children in the hilly areas of North India. The objectives of the study were to assess the nutritional status of children, explore the risk factors of malnutrition and evaluate the effectiveness of Family-Based Intervention Program (FBIP) on nutritional knowledge and nutrition related practices of mothers. Materials & Methods The present study was conducted in two phases. In phase I, exploratory approach with cross-sectional survey design was adopted to identify the nutritional status of children and to explore the risk factors related to malnutrition. Muti-stage cluster random sampling technique was adopted to select a sample of 703 children, aged 1-3 years, from four sub-centers selected as clusters. Door-to-door survey was done for assessment of nutritional status of children and to explore the risk factors. All the children identified as malnourished in the Phase I were recruited for the Phase II of the study. The research approach used for phase II was experimental approach with cluster randomized control trial design. The four selected sub-centers were randomly allocated to intervention (two sub-centers with 75 children) and control group (two sub-centers with 74 children). Nutritional status was estimated from anthropometric measurements, and semi-structured questionnaires were used to assess the risk factors of malnutrition, nutritional knowledge and nutrition related practices. The intervention group received Family Based Intervention Program. Post-tests were conducted at 1st, 3rd month, 6th and 9th month. xxv Results The result of the study shows that, 76 (11%) children were underweight, 74 (10.8%) children in mild to moderate category and 2 (0.2%) in severe category. About 39 (5.5) children were found to have wasting, 28 (4%) with mild wasting and 11(1.5%) with moderate wasting. Stunting was found in 88 (12.6%) children, 87 (12%) in mild to moderate category and 1 (0.14%) in severe category. The overall prevalence of malnutrition was 152 (21.6%). The common risk factors of malnutrition identified in the study were anemia during pregnancy, birth weight of child below 2.5 kg, non-initiation of breast feeding within one hour of birth, weaning before six months, bottle feeding, recurrent illness during childhood, skipping of meals, not enjoying meals while eating, open drainage, not having pucca house, not having toilet and not sowing own vegetables were significant factors related of nutritional status of children. A significant difference was observed in the nutritional status between groups in terms of weight gain. The mean weight of intervention group was significantly higher than the control group at 6th (10.79 + 0.81, 10.32 + 1.01, t = 3.08, p < 0.05) and 9th month (11.32 + 1.51, 10.68 + 2.26, t = 3.08, p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in height. The post-test nutritional knowledge and nutrition related practices were also significantly higher among the experimental groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion Malnutrition in under five children is very significant problem affecting their health. The present study shows that Family Based Intervention is effective in improving the weight of children. So, interventions like screening of children at regular intervals, exploring the risk factors of malnutrition and providing need-based intervention involving the active participation of parents can be adopted as a measure to reduce malnutrition prevalence in children.
A study to assess the effectiveness of nurse led cognitive stimulation program (NLCSP) on cognitive functions and quality of life among elderly in the selected rural community of Panipat, Haryana
(SRHU, 2023-09-01)
Background: Aging is natural unrestrictive and irreversible process and elderly population is increasing day-by-day, and their number will increase twice by 2050 and approximately will get up to 2 billion as per national aging report. In old age there is loss in number and functioning of neurons which ultimately leads to decrement in cognitive functions with several causes. This decrement of cognitive functions (attention, memory, orientation, and executive function etc.) is known as cognitive impairment which changes overall personality of the elderly. Prevalence of decline cognitive functioning is directly related with age and is increasing rapidly. Apart from the pharmacotherapy, there are other approaches and programs like cognitive stimulation therapy found effective in improving cognitive functions and quality of life. Cognitive stimulation is considered as “involvement in a range of activities and discussion (generally in a group) which target at general building up of cognitive and social abilities.” Aim: To explore and gain understanding about various problem related with decline cognitive functions among elderly population and also to promote and strengthen their cognitive functions and quality of life. Methods: Mixed method approach with a sequential exploratory design was adopted for the study. Study was conducted in two phases. In first qualitative phase problem related to declining cognitive abilities were explored in elderly and their caregivers by adopting techniques of focused group discussion till the point of data saturation. Following this phase intervention was developed and in second quantitative phase planned Nurse-Led Cognitive Stimulation Program (NLCSP) was taught to the experimental group biweekly for seven weeks in 14 sessions to groups of elderly. In this study multi-stage sampling technique was used to gather 100 elderlies from selected villages of district Panipat (Haryana). Tools used in the study were—socio-demographic proforma; semi-structured interview schedule for focused group discussion; and Mini Mental State Examination of Hindi version and QOL-AD scale, which were standardized tools to assess the cognitive functions and quality of life. After the seven-week intervention immediate post-test was done followed by follow up after three months and one year of intervention in both experimental and control group to assess the retention of the program. The gathered data was edited, tabulated as well as analyzed and interpreted statistically. Results: Elderly in both groups had similar demographic characteristics and also indistinguishable in pre-cognitive and quality of life scores. In thematic analysis in first phase, the reported experience was that decline in cognitive functioning is an age-related process, which has an adverse impact on life of the elderly and their caregivers. In the quantitative phase, mean post-test cognitive function score of post-test1 and follow ups at three months and one-year post intervention within the experimental group, as analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA, was significantly higher than baseline score. Also, while comparing pre-test and post-test of cognitive functions score in between groups unpaired t test result reveals remarkable differences. Mean quality of life score in control group remained same and even decreased slightly from baseline to immediate post-test score and follow up at three months and one-year post intervention; but, within experimental group the mean post-test quality of life score was increased significantly from baseline. Comparison of quality-of-life score between groups also exhibits statistical differences at p<0.05. Conclusions: Nurse Led Cognitive Stimulation Program (NLCSP) was effective in building the level of cognitive functions score as well as improving the quality of life among elderly. The findings also reveal that age is having an impact on quality of life.
A study to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a need- based, interventional package on awareness and self-efficiency of primary caregivers in care of children during primary immunizations in selected health facilities
(SRHU, 2024-10-01) Sharma, Neeti
Immunization is an important aspect of child’s health. It protects the child from various vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs), reduces their severity and gives a long lasting immunity to a child. In absence of vaccination these infections can otherwise become very severe and sometimes fatal. India’s vaccination coverage is far behind from the global vaccination coverage of 81%. Due to this millions of children succumb to these VPDs due to low coverage. Parents and caregivers awareness and timely decision making hold to key to this problem. The current study was planned to assess effectiveness of an interventional package in terms of primary caregivers’ awareness and their self-efficiency. As timeliness and adherence to immunization schedule is necessary for the child to develop age specific immunity. It also aimed at quantifying the vaccine related problems among children and immunization compliance among primary caregivers
An Anatomico-clinical Correlation between nasal shptal Deviation and chronic sinus disease
(SRHU, 2022-10-26) Arora, Mani
In the present study, we evaluated the role of septal deviation in pathogenesis of chronic sinusitis. As said, nasal septum deviation may cause obstruction at the ostiomeatal unit. This obstruction may trap fluid in a sinus and causing chronic sinusitis.
Bio remediation of Monocrotophos Pesticides by Actinobacteria
(SRHU, 2024-03-26) Rani, Ankita
The persistent use of pesticides in agriculture is an issue of global concern due to their potential environmental impact and adverse health effects. Despite their efficacy in controlling pests and improving crop yields, pesticides can disrupt ecosystems, contaminate soil and water, and endanger non-target species. Additionally, the widespread reliance on these chemicals can lead to pesticide resistance in pests, reducing their effectiveness over time. These challenges underscore the need for more sustainable and environmentally friendly pest management strategies. This study introduces Actinobacteria as a potential solution to these challenges. Actinobacteria, a diverse group of Gram-positive bacteria, have been recognised for their potential in agricultural applications due to their unique metabolic capabilities. Remarkably, some Actinobacteria strains have demonstrated the ability to degrade various pesticides, mitigating their environmental impact. This study examines the feasibility of utilising indigenous Actinobacteria strains to degrade monocrotophos, a commonly used pesticide in agricultural practices. The findings provide valuable insights into the potential of these microorganisms as a sustainable alternative to conventional pesticide use.
Bioprocess development for the biological removal of iron from subsurface drinking water in Uttarakhand
(SRHU, 2024-10-01) Rani, Usha
Uttarakhand is a state in India's northern Himalayas that is blessed with magnificent natural splendour and abundant mountain springs. Even so, during the summer, there is a severe lack of potable water in clusters of hilly villages, there is a severe water shortage, particularly in the summer and in years with less rainfall. In Uttarakhand, the springs serve as the natural source of domestic water. The ionic chemistry of surface and groundwater can vary significantly due to several factors, the most significant of which are urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural development. The strategy for the development and management of water resources as part of the water resources development programme includes an evaluation of the impact that industrialization and urbanization have had on water resources. As a result, in the Haridwar district of Uttarakhand, comprehensive research on the sub-surface and groundwater quality has been carried out to evaluate the water's quality and determine whether or not it is suitable for drinking, residential, or agricultural use.
Comparison of two fluoride application regime in oral cancer patients a randomized controlled trial
(SRHU, 2022-11-29) Kandwal, Abhishek
Introduction: Oral cancer ranks first among males and second overall in the Indian population as per GLOBOCAN 2020. In these patients Supportive oral care lack as an integrated part of cancer care. The most prevalent side effect of chemoradiotherapy (CT-RT) is Radiation caries and their sequel. This results in increased dental disease burden and poor oral health-related quality of life scores (OHRQOL). Aim: Present Randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of fluoride on dental disease burden in terms of DMFT scores in patients who have received CT-RT in the region of the oral cavity. Oral health-related quality of life in terms of OHIP-14 scores was also assessed. Materials& Methods: 111 patients participated in the randomized controlled trial as per the CONSORT statement. Two regimens, Monthly, and quarterly application were further divided into varnish and gel subgroups. This resulted in a total of four groups including monthly varnish application (AV), monthly gel application (AG), quarterly varnish application (BV), and quarterly gel application (BG). These were analyzed for DMFT and OHIP-14 scores at baseline, one month, six months, and one-year recall post chemo-radiotherapy (CT-RT). Results: Median and Interquartile range of DMFT scores for the AV group were 2(0.25-6), 2(1-6), 3(1-7.7), and 4(1-9) at baseline, one month, six months and one xviii year recall respectively. For the AG group, it was 2(1-5), 2(1-5), 4(1-8), and 5(1-8) respectively. For BV Group it was 3(1-4), 3(1-4), 3(2-6), and 4(2-6) respectively, while for BG Group it was 2(0-4), 2(0-4), 391.5-4.5) and 4(2-5) respectively for four recall points. These values were highly significant P<0.001. OHIP-14 score’s Median and Interquartile range at baseline, one month, six months, and one year recall were 14(11-25.7), 35(28.2-40), 5.5(0-6) respectively. For AG group it was 13(2-24), 29(26-36), 6(0-12) and 0(0-6) respectively. For BV group it was 15(10-24), 34(27-46), 3(0-14) and 0(0-7) respectively. While For BG it was 11(5-18.5) 29(23.5-40), 3(0-11) and 0(0-6.5) respectively. These values were highly significant with P<0.001. Intergroup comparison was not significant for DMFT and OHIP-14 scores for four intervention groups. OHIP-14 score’s Mean and standard deviation values for sufficient mouth opening and insufficient mouth opening were 20.6 ±9.5 and 12.8 ±9.8 respectively, which was highly significant with p <0.001. Conclusion: DMFT scores reported a significant and minimal constant increase in patients at one-year recall from baseline. Fluoride application was effective in controlling the DMFT scores at one-year recall in these patients. OHIP-14 scores significantly improved at recall visits from baseline by use of fluoride as part of the Supportive Oral Care Protocol (SOCP). Fluoride varnish and gel applied either monthly or quarterly provided similar changes in DMFT and OHIP-14 scores. Hence any combination of these can be considered effective in the care of these patients. Insufficient mouth opening drastically reduces oral health-related quality of life scores in these patients and hence they required more care. xix Clinical Recommendation: Fluoride application as per supportive oral care protocol (SOCP) is recommended as an integral part of the oral care needs of head and neck cancer patients including oral carcinoma. Monthly topical fluoride application during the first year post CT-RT and thereafter-quarterly application lifelong is advised. Involvement of a Dental supportive care expert from the point of diagnosis of cancer is needed. A Dental expert as a part of the multidisciplinary team for cancer care of head and neck cancer patients is recommended.
Dermatoglyphics in coronary artery Disease
(SRHU, 2022-10-26) Panchal, Padamjeet
Dermatoglyphics is a scientific method of analyzing of ridge patterns by studying finger and palmar prints, which are under genetic control. Dermatoglyphics analysis has been established as a useful diagnostic and research tool in genetics, medicine, and anthropology. The etiology of coronary heart disease is believed to be multifactorial with genetics playing an important role. Vndations in dermatoglyphics in such patients are therefore, expected.
Dermatoglyphics in type II diabetes mellitus
(SRHU, 2022-10-25) Srivatsva, Shubha
Dermatoglyphics in type H DM has been studied with views to jdentjfy significance of dermatoglyphics for early detection of patients with type H DM and identjfyjng normal people who are prone to Type 11 DM.
Dosimetric evaluation in carcinoma lung by intraluminal brachytherapy and correlation in phantom model
(SRHU, 2024-10-01) Kant, Ravi
In the carcinoma lung patient, endobronchial brachytherapy (EBBT) is used as treatment modality. The radiation dose to the tumor is planned in the treatment planning system (TPS) on the CT scan of the patient and treatment delivered by the machine. Treatment plan verification, dosimetric, volumetric analysis is necessary to perform for accurate treatment delivery to the patient, which requires a tissue equivalent phantom model mimicking the actual thoracic body structure because in the actual patient, dosimetry is not possible. In this study, the dosimetric analysis is performed in the locally fabricated human tissue equivalent thorax phantom with the help of Radiochromic film dosimeters. Dosimetric and volumetric analysis is performed on patients treated with EBBT technique.
Effect of formalin on respiratory system of albino rats: A histological study
(SRHU, 2022-10-25) Gupta, Monika
Formaldehyde (formalin) is a widely used industrial chemical and is also present in vehicle emissions & embalming fluid. Widespread occurrence of formaldehyde alarmed scientists to see its possible effects on living systems. In a number of previous studies, it was found genotoxic and carcinogenic to animals including rats, monkeys and hamsters etc. Multiple studies were also done on humans to see its possible carcinogenic effects. This study was conducted to see the histological effects of formalin on the respiratory tract of albino rats. 60 rats were taken for the experiment which were divided into 3 groups. 6 rats were used as controls while 3 subgroups of 18 rats each were exposed to formalin inhalation for 9, 18 and 36 days respectively.
Effect of Vigabatrin on central Nervous system of albino rats
(SRHU, 2022-10-26) Singh, Deepa
Vigabatrin is an antiepileptic drug that has demonstrated significant efficacy as adjunctive therapy for patients with poorly controlled partial epilepsy, refractory to other antiepileptic drugs. It is the drug of choice for infantile spasms. In the present study, Vigabatrin was administered to albino rats in mild, moderate and high doses. Vacuolation was a significant finding in all treated groups and in all regions of the central nervous system that were studied, with severity increasing with increasing doses. IME secondary to elevated levels of GABA may underlie the pathogenesis. Demyelination was found at a few selected sites suggesting that different parts of the brain have different affinity for this feature after treatment with Vigabatrin. In the cerebellum and retina, significant degenerative and atrophic changes were seen even in mild dose treated group.. Focal neuronal and neuroglial loss was mainly evident in these two parts suggesting that they are the main targets of toxic damage by Vigabatrin. Congested blood vessels and dilated perivascular spaces, found in all regions under study, were signs of edema. The involvement of retina explains the high incidence of visual field defects associated with the use of this drug. Present study has also demonstrated histopathological involvement 90 of the cerebellum which suggests that further extended studies should be done and should be correlated with the cerebellar functions.
Effectiveness of a comprehensive breastfeeding promotion program on breastfeeding self efficacy practices and outcomes among Primigravid mothers a randomized controlled trial
(SRHU, 2024-06-27) Frederick, Neha
Breast milk is the complete and best nutrition of all the babies. Both mothers and newborns can benefit from breastfeeding in terms of health. Additionally, breastfeeding can assist mothers and the baby ward off several ailments and disorders. The present study focuses on developing a breastfeeding promotion program specifically for the primigravid mothers of Uttar Pradesh. The objectives of the study to assess the breastfeeding knowledge practices and problems related to breastfeeding among the postnatal mothers and to assess the effectiveness of the comprehensive breastfeeding promotion program on breastfeeding self-efficacy, practices and outcomes among primigravid mothers.
Effectiveness of an individualized communication protocol on clinical outcomes of comatose patients in selected intensive care unit of tertiary care hospital
(SRHU, 2023-09-01) Thakur, Pooja
Background: Communication with patients is one of the important aspects of nursing care in critical care settings. Nurses play an important role in communicating with seriously ill patients Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of Individualized Communication Protocol (ICP) on clinical outcomes of comatose patients in terms of physiological adverse events, consciousness, agitation & sedation and pain level. Methods: A “quasi-experimental” was adopted to conduct the study on 113 comatose patients admitted in ICU. Initially, 58 patients were enrolled in the control group and their clinical outcomes viz. physiological adverse events, consciousness, agitation & sedation and pain level were collected twice daily till 14 days or transfer out of patients from ICU/Death/LAMA, whichever was earlier. Training was imparted to ICU nurses regarding Individualized Communication Protocol (ICP) consisting of environmental preparation, verbal and nonverbal communication with patients in coma by nurses and family members. After training of staff nurses, patients were enrolled in experimental group (n=55) and similar outcome variables were collected for experimental group. xxxi Results: Study results revealed that patients in experimental and control group were homogenious in term of their socio-demographic and clinical variables. The study findings showed that nurses’ knowledge and practice regarding individualized communication increased in post test. The conscious level improved in experimental group on 4th day as compared to control group (p<0.0001). It was observed that patients in experimental group required less sedation as compared to control group. Pain score also decreased in experimental group compared to control group. Conclusions: The ICP developed by the researcher facilitated communication with comatose patients by staff nurses in ICU. Therefore, it is recommended that ICP should be incorporated as a routine care.